Appendectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the appendix, a small organ located in the lower right abdomen. Appendectomy is primarily indicated for individuals diagnosed with appendicitis, which occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed, often due to blockage by fecal matter, infection, or other factors.

Appendectomy can be performed using either an open surgical approach or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. In open appendectomy, the surgeon makes a single incision in the lower right abdomen, through which the appendix is identified, clamped, and removed. In laparoscopic appendectomy, several small incisions are made in the abdomen, through which a laparoscope and specialized instruments are inserted. The laparoscope provides a magnified view of the internal organs, allowing the surgeon to locate and remove the appendix with precision.

The choice between open and laparoscopic appendectomy depends on factors such as the severity of appendicitis, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's preference. Laparoscopic appendectomy generally offers benefits such as shorter recovery times, less postoperative pain, and smaller scars compared to open surgery.

Appendectomy is considered a routine procedure with a low risk of complications when performed by experienced surgeons. However, potential risks include infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding organs, and complications related to anesthesia. Recovery from appendectomy typically involves a short hospital stay, followed by a period of rest and gradual return to normal activities. Patients are advised to follow their surgeon's instructions regarding wound care, pain management, and dietary restrictions to promote healing and prevent complications.